Pilot study to evaluate the use of HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C in a prison in Greece

As part of the pilot study, participants were randomized into two groups in order to compare the established screening strategy for hepatitis C with alternative methods that included the use of HCVcAg. The activities included inmate education, obtaining written consent, collection of demographic and social data, testing through rapid tests and/or blood draws, as well as counseling support. Additionally, the study evaluated the accuracy, speed, and cost of the diagnostic methods, while emphasizing the feasibility and effectiveness of HCVcAg testing in a prison setting.

A total of 780 male inmates from the Korydallos Correctional Facility participated in the study, with an average age of 39.5 years. 56% were of Greek nationality, and over half (56.2%) were pre-trial detainees. 27.4% reported a history of intravenous drug use, and nearly 7% had shared syringes while in prison.

The results of the study demonstrated that HCVcAg testing can be a valuable tool for faster and more affordable diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C in correctional facilities. The findings also highlighted the importance of easy access to and acceptance of healthcare services in controlled environments such as prisons.

A key outcome of the initiative was immediate linkage to care: 60 individuals diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C initiated treatment, showcasing the potential for timely intervention even under conditions of limited access such as incarceration.

The pilot study was implemented by Prometheus, in collaboration with Affidea Kallithea and the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics of the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.